chore: Import Lab1

.gitignore

@@ -36,4 +36,123 @@ CMakeSettings.json
 *.swp
 build/*
 bin/*
-*.DS_Store
+*.DS_Store
+
+# ---> JetBrains
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+# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
+
+# User-specific stuff
+.idea/
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build-*/
+
+# File-based project format
+*.iws
+
+# IntelliJ
+out/
+
+# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
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+atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
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+# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
+com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
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+
+# ---> C
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+*.d
+
+# Object files
+*.o
+*.ko
+*.obj
+*.elf
+
+# Linker output
+*.ilk
+*.map
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+# Libraries
+*.lib
+*.a
+*.la
+*.lo
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+# Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs)
+*.dll
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+*.cmd
+.tmp_versions/
+modules.order
+Module.symvers
+Mkfile.old
+dkms.conf
+
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+*.d
+
+# Compiled Object files
+*.slo
+*.lo
+*.o
+*.obj
+
+# Precompiled Headers
+*.gch
+*.pch
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+# Compiled Dynamic libraries
+*.so
+*.dylib
+*.dll
+
+# Fortran module files
+*.mod
+*.smod
+
+# Compiled Static libraries
+*.lai
+*.la
+*.a
+*.lib
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.app
+
+# Astyle backups
+**/**.orig

lab1/Plane.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "Plane.h"
+#include "Ray.h"
+
+bool Plane::intersect(
+    const Ray & ray, const double min_t, double & t, Eigen::Vector3d & n) const
+{
+    /* Based on
+     * Computer Graphics, Chapter 4. Ray Tracing
+     * Peter Lamber & Glenn Van Wallendael
+     */
+
+    t = -1;
+    t = (point - ray.origin).dot(normal) / ray.direction.dot(normal);
+    n = normal;
+
+    return min_t < t;
+}

lab1/Sphere.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "Sphere.h"
+#include "Ray.h"
+bool Sphere::intersect(
+    const Ray & ray, const double min_t, double & t, Eigen::Vector3d & n) const
+{
+    /* Based on
+     * Fundamentals in Computer Graphics - Fourth Edition, Chapter 4.4.1. Ray-Sphere Intersection.
+     * Steve Marschner & Peter Shirley
+     */
+
+    /* Intersection points occur when points on the ray satisfy the implicit equation. */
+
+    double a = ray.direction.dot(ray.direction);
+    double b = ray.direction.dot(ray.origin - center);
+    double c = (ray.origin - center).dot(ray.origin - center) - radius * radius;
+    double discriminant = (2 * b) * (2 * b) - 4 * a * c;
+
+    /* If the discriminant is less than zero, the ray does not intersect with the sphere. */
+    if (discriminant < 0) return false;
+
+    /* Calculate the first intersection t. */
+    double under_root = b * b - a * c;
+    double ta = (0 - b - sqrt(under_root)) / a;
+    double tb = (0 - b + sqrt(under_root)) / a;
+    /* Choose the smallest that is still larger than min_t. */
+    if (ta < min_t && tb < min_t) {
+        return false;
+    } else if (ta < min_t) {
+        t = tb;
+    } else if (tb < min_t) {
+        t = ta;
+    } else {
+        t = std::min(ta, tb);
+    }
+
+    /* Calculate the surface normal vector at the point of intersection. */
+    n = 2 * (ray.origin + t * ray.direction - center);
+    /* Normalize the vector. */
+    n = n.normalized();
+
+    return true;
+}

lab1/Triangle.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "Triangle.h"
+#include "Ray.h"
+#include <Eigen/Geometry> // hint
+
+bool Triangle::intersect(
+    const Ray & ray, const double min_t, double & t, Eigen::Vector3d & n) const
+{
+    /* Based on
+     * Fundamentals in Computer Graphics - Fourth Edition, Chapter 4.4.2. Ray-Triangle Intersection.
+     * Steve Marschner & Peter Shirley
+     */
+
+    Eigen::Vector3d a = std::get<0>(corners);
+    Eigen::Vector3d b = std::get<1>(corners);
+    Eigen::Vector3d c = std::get<2>(corners);
+    Eigen::Vector3d e = ray.origin;
+    Eigen::Vector3d d = ray.direction;
+
+    /* Using Cramer's rule. */
+
+    /* Calculate the determinant of A. */
+    Eigen::Matrix3d A;
+    A.col(0) = a - b;
+    A.col(1) = a - c;
+    A.col(2) = d;
+    double determinant_A = A.determinant();
+
+    Eigen::Matrix3d t_matrix;
+    t_matrix.col(0) = a - b;
+    t_matrix.col(1) = a - c;
+    t_matrix.col(2) = a - e;
+    t = t_matrix.determinant() / determinant_A;
+
+    if (t < min_t) return false;
+
+    Eigen::Matrix3d gamma_matrix;
+    gamma_matrix.col(0) = a - b;
+    gamma_matrix.col(1) = a - e;
+    gamma_matrix.col(2) = d;
+    double gamma = gamma_matrix.determinant() / determinant_A;
+
+    if (gamma < 0 || gamma > 1) return false;
+
+    Eigen::Matrix3d beta_matrix;
+    beta_matrix.col(0) = a - e;
+    beta_matrix.col(1) = a - c;
+    beta_matrix.col(2) = d;
+    double beta = beta_matrix.determinant() / determinant_A;
+
+    if (beta < 0 || beta + gamma > 1) return false;
+
+    /* Calculate the surface normal vector using the cross product of two edges.
+     * See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_product#Computational_geometry */
+    Eigen::Vector3d edge1 = a - b;
+    Eigen::Vector3d edge2 = a - c;
+    n = edge1.cross(edge2).normalized(); /* Don't forget to normalize the vector. */
+
+    return true;
+}

lab1/TriangleSoup.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "TriangleSoup.h"
+#include "Ray.h"
+// Hint
+#include "first_hit.h"
+
+bool TriangleSoup::intersect(
+    const Ray & ray, const double min_t, double & t, Eigen::Vector3d & n) const
+{
+    int hit_id; /* Ignored. */
+    return first_hit(ray, min_t, triangles, hit_id, t, n);
+}

lab1/first_hit.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "first_hit.h"
+
+bool first_hit(
+    const Ray & ray,
+    const double min_t,
+    const std::vector< std::shared_ptr<Object> > & objects,
+    int & hit_id,
+    double & t,
+    Eigen::Vector3d & n)
+{
+    bool hit = false;
+    /* Initialize to a value that will never be used. */
+    t = -1;
+    /* Alternatively, use a max integer value, and remove the check t == -1. */
+
+    /* Store intermediate results that are not necessarily the first hit. */
+    double t_temp;
+    Eigen::Vector3d n_temp;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < objects.size(); ++i) {
+        if (objects[i]->intersect(ray, min_t, t_temp, n_temp)) {
+            hit = true;
+            if (t == -1 || t_temp < t) {
+                hit_id = i;
+                t = t_temp;
+                n = n_temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return hit;
+}
+

lab1/viewing_ray.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "viewing_ray.h"
+
+void viewing_ray(
+    const Camera & camera,
+    const int i,
+    const int j,
+    const int width,
+    const int height,
+    Ray & ray)
+{
+    /* Based on
+     * Fundamentals in Computer Graphics - Fourth Edition, Chapter 4.3.2 Perspective views.
+     * Steve Marschner & Peter Shirley
+     */
+
+    /* Determine the direction of the ray, using the camera and pixel location. */
+    double u = 0 - camera.width / 2 + camera.width * (j + 0.5) / width;
+    double v = 0 - camera.height / 2 + camera.height * (i + 0.5) / height;
+
+    ray.origin = camera.e;
+    /* NOTE I flipped the vertical axis of the pixels, because in computer graphics we assume the bottom left pixel
+     * is (0,0), while traditional jpg assumes (0,0) to be the upper left pixel. */
+    ray.direction = (0 - camera.d) * camera.w + u * camera.u - v * camera.v;
+}