diff --git a/backend/src/data/content/learning-path-repository.ts b/backend/src/data/content/learning-path-repository.ts
index 87035f21..9db7c361 100644
--- a/backend/src/data/content/learning-path-repository.ts
+++ b/backend/src/data/content/learning-path-repository.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { DwengoEntityRepository } from '../dwengo-entity-repository.js';
 import { LearningPath } from '../../entities/content/learning-path.entity.js';
 import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
+import {LearningPathNode} from "../../entities/content/learning-path-node.entity";
+import {RequiredEntityData} from "@mikro-orm/core";
+import {LearningPathTransition} from "../../entities/content/learning-path-transition.entity";
+import {EntityAlreadyExistsException} from "../../exceptions/entity-already-exists-exception";
 
 export class LearningPathRepository extends DwengoEntityRepository<LearningPath> {
     public async findByHruidAndLanguage(hruid: string, language: Language): Promise<LearningPath | null> {
@@ -23,4 +27,33 @@ export class LearningPathRepository extends DwengoEntityRepository<LearningPath>
             populate: ['nodes', 'nodes.transitions'],
         });
     }
+
+    public createNode(
+        nodeData: RequiredEntityData<LearningPathNode, never, false>
+    ): LearningPathNode {
+        return this.em.create(LearningPathNode, nodeData);
+    }
+
+    public createTransition(
+        transitionData: RequiredEntityData<LearningPathTransition, never, false>
+    ): LearningPathTransition {
+        return this.em.create(LearningPathTransition, transitionData)
+    }
+
+    public async saveLearningPathNodesAndTransitions(
+        path: LearningPath,
+        nodes: LearningPathNode[],
+        transitions: LearningPathTransition[],
+        options?: {preventOverwrite?: boolean}
+    ): Promise<void> {
+        if (options?.preventOverwrite && (await this.findOne(path))) {
+            throw new EntityAlreadyExistsException(
+                "A learning path with this hruid/language combination already exists."
+            );
+        }
+        const em = this.getEntityManager();
+        await em.persistAndFlush(path);
+        await Promise.all(nodes.map(it => em.persistAndFlush(it)));
+        await Promise.all(transitions.map(it => em.persistAndFlush(it)));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity.ts b/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity.ts
index 3016c367..8ad2e1f8 100644
--- a/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity.ts
+++ b/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Entity, Enum, ManyToOne, OneToMany, PrimaryKey, Property, Rel } from '@mikro-orm/core';
+import {Collection, Entity, Enum, ManyToOne, OneToMany, PrimaryKey, Property, Rel} from '@mikro-orm/core';
 import { LearningPath } from './learning-path.entity.js';
 import { LearningPathTransition } from './learning-path-transition.entity.js';
 import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export class LearningPathNode {
     startNode!: boolean;
 
     @OneToMany({ entity: () => LearningPathTransition, mappedBy: 'node' })
-    transitions: LearningPathTransition[] = [];
+    transitions: Collection<LearningPathTransition> = new Collection<LearningPathTransition>(this);
 
     @Property({ length: 3 })
     createdAt: Date = new Date();
diff --git a/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path.entity.ts b/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path.entity.ts
index 203af86d..57d095b8 100644
--- a/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path.entity.ts
+++ b/backend/src/entities/content/learning-path.entity.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Entity, Enum, ManyToMany, OneToMany, PrimaryKey, Property } from '@mikro-orm/core';
+import {Collection, Entity, Enum, ManyToMany, OneToMany, PrimaryKey, Property} from '@mikro-orm/core';
 import { Teacher } from '../users/teacher.entity.js';
 import { LearningPathRepository } from '../../data/content/learning-path-repository.js';
 import { LearningPathNode } from './learning-path-node.entity.js';
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ export class LearningPath {
     image: Buffer | null = null;
 
     @OneToMany({ entity: () => LearningPathNode, mappedBy: 'learningPath' })
-    nodes: LearningPathNode[] = [];
+    nodes: Collection<LearningPathNode> = new Collection<LearningPathNode>(this);
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/services/learning-paths/database-learning-path-provider.ts b/backend/src/services/learning-paths/database-learning-path-provider.ts
index 8882ba94..e5b4389e 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/learning-paths/database-learning-path-provider.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/learning-paths/database-learning-path-provider.ts
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ import {
 } from '@dwengo-1/common/interfaces/learning-content';
 import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
 import {Group} from "../../entities/assignments/group.entity";
+import {Collection} from "@mikro-orm/core";
 
 /**
  * Fetches the corresponding learning object for each of the nodes and creates a map that maps each node to its
  * corresponding learning object.
  * @param nodes The nodes to find the learning object for.
  */
-async function getLearningObjectsForNodes(nodes: LearningPathNode[]): Promise<Map<LearningPathNode, FilteredLearningObject>> {
+async function getLearningObjectsForNodes(nodes: Collection<LearningPathNode>): Promise<Map<LearningPathNode, FilteredLearningObject>> {
     // Fetching the corresponding learning object for each of the nodes and creating a map that maps each node to
     // Its corresponding learning object.
     const nullableNodesToLearningObjects = new Map<LearningPathNode, FilteredLearningObject | null>(
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ const databaseLearningPathProvider: LearningPathProvider = {
 
         const searchResults = await learningPathRepo.findByQueryStringAndLanguage(query, language);
         return await Promise.all(searchResults.map(async (result, index) => convertLearningPath(result, index, personalizedFor)));
-    },
+    }
 };
 
 export default databaseLearningPathProvider;
diff --git a/backend/src/services/learning-paths/learning-path-service.ts b/backend/src/services/learning-paths/learning-path-service.ts
index 73315769..18e28c22 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/learning-paths/learning-path-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/learning-paths/learning-path-service.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,79 @@
 import dwengoApiLearningPathProvider from './dwengo-api-learning-path-provider.js';
 import databaseLearningPathProvider from './database-learning-path-provider.js';
 import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../util/envVars.js';
-import { LearningPath, LearningPathResponse } from '@dwengo-1/common/interfaces/learning-content';
+import {LearningObjectNode, LearningPath, LearningPathResponse} from '@dwengo-1/common/interfaces/learning-content';
 import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
 import {Group} from "../../entities/assignments/group.entity";
+import {LearningPath as LearningPathEntity} from "../../entities/content/learning-path.entity";
+import {getLearningPathRepository} from "../../data/repositories";
+import {LearningPathNode} from "../../entities/content/learning-path-node.entity";
+import {LearningPathTransition} from "../../entities/content/learning-path-transition.entity";
+import {base64ToArrayBuffer} from "../../util/base64-buffer-conversion";
+import {TeacherDTO} from "@dwengo-1/common/interfaces/teacher";
+import {mapToTeacher} from "../../interfaces/teacher";
+import {Collection} from "@mikro-orm/core";
 
 const userContentPrefix = getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix);
 const allProviders = [dwengoApiLearningPathProvider, databaseLearningPathProvider];
 
+export function mapToLearningPath(
+    dto: LearningPath, adminsDto: TeacherDTO[]
+): LearningPathEntity {
+    const admins = adminsDto.map(admin => mapToTeacher(admin));
+    const repo = getLearningPathRepository();
+    const path = repo.create({
+        hruid: dto.hruid,
+        language: dto.language as Language,
+        description: dto.description,
+        title: dto.title,
+        admins,
+        image: dto.image ? Buffer.from(base64ToArrayBuffer(dto.image)) : null
+    });
+    const nodes = dto.nodes.map((nodeDto: LearningObjectNode, i: number) =>
+        repo.createNode({
+            learningPath: path,
+            learningObjectHruid: nodeDto.learningobject_hruid,
+            language: nodeDto.language,
+            version: nodeDto.version,
+            startNode: nodeDto.start_node ?? false,
+            nodeNumber: i,
+            createdAt: new Date(),
+            updatedAt: new Date()
+        })
+    );
+    dto.nodes.forEach(nodeDto => {
+        const fromNode = nodes.find(it =>
+            it.learningObjectHruid === nodeDto.learningobject_hruid
+            && it.language === nodeDto.language
+            && it.version === nodeDto.version
+        )!;
+        const transitions = nodeDto.transitions.map((transDto, i) => {
+            const toNode = nodes.find(it =>
+                it.learningObjectHruid === transDto.next.hruid
+                && it.language === transDto.next.language
+                && it.version === transDto.next.version
+            );
+
+            if (toNode) {
+                return repo.createTransition({
+                    transitionNumber: i,
+                    node: fromNode,
+                    next: toNode,
+                    condition: transDto.condition ?? "true"
+                });
+            } else {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+        }).filter(it => it).map(it => it!);
+
+        fromNode.transitions = new Collection<LearningPathTransition>(transitions);
+    });
+
+    path.nodes = new Collection<LearningPathNode>(nodes);
+
+    return path;
+}
+
 /**
  * Service providing access to data about learning paths from the appropriate data source (database or Dwengo-api)
  */
@@ -54,6 +120,17 @@ const learningPathService = {
         );
         return providerResponses.flat();
     },
+
+    /**
+     * Add a new learning path to the database.
+     * @param dto Learning path DTO from which the learning path will be created.
+     * @param admins Teachers who should become an admin of the learning path.
+     */
+    async createNewLearningPath(dto: LearningPath, admins: TeacherDTO[]): Promise<void> {
+        const repo = getLearningPathRepository();
+        const path = mapToLearningPath(dto, admins);
+        await repo.save(path, {preventOverwrite: true})
+    }
 };
 
 export default learningPathService;
diff --git a/backend/src/util/base64-buffer-conversion.ts b/backend/src/util/base64-buffer-conversion.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0453b604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/util/base64-buffer-conversion.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * Convert a Base64-encoded string into a buffer with the same data.
+ * @param base64 The Base64 encoded string.
+ */
+export function base64ToArrayBuffer(base64: string) {
+    var binaryString = atob(base64);
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(binaryString.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < binaryString.length; i++) {
+        bytes[i] = binaryString.charCodeAt(i);
+    }
+    return bytes.buffer;
+}
diff --git a/backend/tests/data/content/learning-object-repository.test.ts b/backend/tests/data/content/learning-object-repository.test.ts
index 12e14452..d99beb4b 100644
--- a/backend/tests/data/content/learning-object-repository.test.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/data/content/learning-object-repository.test.ts
@@ -2,48 +2,36 @@ import { beforeAll, describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { LearningObjectRepository } from '../../../src/data/content/learning-object-repository.js';
 import { setupTestApp } from '../../setup-tests.js';
 import { getLearningObjectRepository } from '../../../src/data/repositories.js';
-import example from '../../test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.js';
 import { LearningObject } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity.js';
 import { expectToBeCorrectEntity } from '../../test-utils/expectations.js';
+import {
+    testLearningObject01,
+    testLearningObject02,
+    testLearningObject03
+} from "../../test_assets/content/learning-objects.testdata";
 
 describe('LearningObjectRepository', () => {
     let learningObjectRepository: LearningObjectRepository;
 
-    let exampleLearningObject: LearningObject;
-
     beforeAll(async () => {
         await setupTestApp();
         learningObjectRepository = getLearningObjectRepository();
     });
 
-    it('should be able to add a learning object to it without an error', async () => {
-        exampleLearningObject = example.createLearningObject();
-        await learningObjectRepository.insert(exampleLearningObject);
-    });
-
-    it('should return the learning object when queried by id', async () => {
+    it('should return a learning object when queried by id', async () => {
         const result = await learningObjectRepository.findByIdentifier({
-            hruid: exampleLearningObject.hruid,
-            language: exampleLearningObject.language,
-            version: exampleLearningObject.version,
+            hruid: testLearningObject01.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject02.language,
+            version: testLearningObject03.version,
         });
         expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(LearningObject);
-        expectToBeCorrectEntity(
-            {
-                name: 'actual',
-                entity: result!,
-            },
-            {
-                name: 'expected',
-                entity: exampleLearningObject,
-            }
-        );
+        expectToBeCorrectEntity(result!, testLearningObject01);
     });
 
     it('should return null when non-existing version is queried', async () => {
         const result = await learningObjectRepository.findByIdentifier({
-            hruid: exampleLearningObject.hruid,
-            language: exampleLearningObject.language,
+            hruid: testLearningObject01.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject01.language,
             version: 100,
         });
         expect(result).toBe(null);
@@ -52,21 +40,27 @@ describe('LearningObjectRepository', () => {
     let newerExample: LearningObject;
 
     it('should allow a learning object with the same id except a different version to be added', async () => {
-        newerExample = example.createLearningObject();
-        newerExample.version = 10;
-        newerExample.title += ' (nieuw)';
+        let testLearningObject01Newer = structuredClone(testLearningObject01);
+        testLearningObject01Newer.version = 10;
+        testLearningObject01Newer.title += " (nieuw)";
+        testLearningObject01Newer.content = Buffer.from("This is the new content.");
+        newerExample = learningObjectRepository.create(testLearningObject01Newer);
         await learningObjectRepository.save(newerExample);
     });
 
     it('should return the newest version of the learning object when queried by only hruid and language', async () => {
-        const result = await learningObjectRepository.findLatestByHruidAndLanguage(newerExample.hruid, newerExample.language);
+        const result = await learningObjectRepository.findLatestByHruidAndLanguage(
+            newerExample.hruid, newerExample.language
+        );
         expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(LearningObject);
         expect(result?.version).toBe(10);
         expect(result?.title).toContain('(nieuw)');
     });
 
     it('should return null when queried by non-existing hruid or language', async () => {
-        const result = await learningObjectRepository.findLatestByHruidAndLanguage('something_that_does_not_exist', exampleLearningObject.language);
+        const result = await learningObjectRepository.findLatestByHruidAndLanguage(
+            'something_that_does_not_exist', testLearningObject01.language
+        );
         expect(result).toBe(null);
     });
 });
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/create-example-learning-object-with-attachments.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/create-example-learning-object-with-attachments.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bd0b4c3..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/create-example-learning-object-with-attachments.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-import { LearningObjectExample } from './learning-object-example';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-
-export function createExampleLearningObjectWithAttachments(example: LearningObjectExample): LearningObject {
-    const learningObject = example.createLearningObject();
-    for (const creationFn of Object.values(example.createAttachment)) {
-        learningObject.attachments.push(creationFn(learningObject));
-    }
-    return learningObject;
-}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/learning-object-example.d.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/learning-object-example.d.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 3054644f..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/learning-object-example.d.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { Attachment } from '../../../src/entities/content/attachment.entity';
-
-interface LearningObjectExample {
-    createLearningObject: () => LearningObject;
-    createAttachment: Record<string, (owner: LearningObject) => Attachment>;
-    getHTMLRendering: () => string;
-}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/content.txt b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/content.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index dd6b5c77..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/content.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-::MC basic::
-How are you? {}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-example.d.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-example.d.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index d8e94dc8..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-example.d.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-interface LearningPathExample {
-    createLearningPath: () => LearningPath;
-}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-utils.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-utils.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 177d905f..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/learning-path-utils.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { LearningPathTransition } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path-transition.entity';
-import { LearningPathNode } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity';
-import { LearningPath } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path.entity';
-
-export function createLearningPathTransition(
-    node: LearningPathNode,
-    transitionNumber: number,
-    condition: string | null,
-    to: LearningPathNode
-): LearningPathTransition {
-    const trans = new LearningPathTransition();
-    trans.node = node;
-    trans.transitionNumber = transitionNumber;
-    trans.condition = condition || 'true';
-    trans.next = to;
-    return trans;
-}
-
-export function createLearningPathNode(
-    learningPath: LearningPath,
-    nodeNumber: number,
-    learningObjectHruid: string,
-    version: number,
-    language: Language,
-    startNode: boolean
-): LearningPathNode {
-    const node = new LearningPathNode();
-    node.learningPath = learningPath;
-    node.nodeNumber = nodeNumber;
-    node.learningObjectHruid = learningObjectHruid;
-    node.version = version;
-    node.language = language;
-    node.startNode = startNode;
-    return node;
-}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/pn-werking-example.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/pn-werking-example.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ac1c40d..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/pn-werking-example.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import { LearningPath } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path.entity';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../src/util/envVars';
-import { createLearningPathNode, createLearningPathTransition } from './learning-path-utils';
-import { LearningPathNode } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity';
-
-function createNodes(learningPath: LearningPath): LearningPathNode[] {
-    const nodes = [
-        createLearningPathNode(learningPath, 0, 'u_pn_werkingnotebooks', 3, Language.Dutch, true),
-        createLearningPathNode(learningPath, 1, 'pn_werkingnotebooks2', 3, Language.Dutch, false),
-        createLearningPathNode(learningPath, 2, 'pn_werkingnotebooks3', 3, Language.Dutch, false),
-    ];
-    nodes[0].transitions.push(createLearningPathTransition(nodes[0], 0, 'true', nodes[1]));
-    nodes[1].transitions.push(createLearningPathTransition(nodes[1], 0, 'true', nodes[2]));
-    return nodes;
-}
-
-const example: LearningPathExample = {
-    createLearningPath: () => {
-        const path = new LearningPath();
-        path.language = Language.Dutch;
-        path.hruid = `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}pn_werking`;
-        path.title = 'Werken met notebooks';
-        path.description = 'Een korte inleiding tot Python notebooks. Hoe ga je gemakkelijk en efficiënt met de notebooks aan de slag?';
-        path.nodes = createNodes(path);
-        return path;
-    },
-};
-
-export default example;
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/test-conditions-example.ts b/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/test-conditions-example.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fb7ead5..00000000
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-paths/test-conditions-example.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-import { LearningPath } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path.entity';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import testMultipleChoiceExample from '../learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example';
-import { dummyLearningObject } from '../learning-objects/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example';
-import { createLearningPathNode, createLearningPathTransition } from './learning-path-utils';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../src/util/envVars';
-
-export interface ConditionTestLearningPathAndLearningObjects {
-    branchingObject: LearningObject;
-    extraExerciseObject: LearningObject;
-    finalObject: LearningObject;
-    learningPath: LearningPath;
-}
-
-export function createConditionTestLearningPathAndLearningObjects(): ConditionTestLearningPathAndLearningObjects {
-    const learningPath = new LearningPath();
-    learningPath.hruid = `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}test_conditions`;
-    learningPath.language = Language.English;
-    learningPath.title = 'Example learning path with conditional transitions';
-    learningPath.description = 'This learning path was made for the purpose of testing conditional transitions';
-
-    const branchingLearningObject = testMultipleChoiceExample.createLearningObject();
-    const extraExerciseLearningObject = dummyLearningObject(
-        'test_extra_exercise',
-        Language.English,
-        'Extra exercise (for students with difficulties)'
-    ).createLearningObject();
-    const finalLearningObject = dummyLearningObject(
-        'test_final_learning_object',
-        Language.English,
-        'Final exercise (for everyone)'
-    ).createLearningObject();
-
-    const branchingNode = createLearningPathNode(
-        learningPath,
-        0,
-        branchingLearningObject.hruid,
-        branchingLearningObject.version,
-        branchingLearningObject.language,
-        true
-    );
-    const extraExerciseNode = createLearningPathNode(
-        learningPath,
-        1,
-        extraExerciseLearningObject.hruid,
-        extraExerciseLearningObject.version,
-        extraExerciseLearningObject.language,
-        false
-    );
-    const finalNode = createLearningPathNode(
-        learningPath,
-        2,
-        finalLearningObject.hruid,
-        finalLearningObject.version,
-        finalLearningObject.language,
-        false
-    );
-
-    const transitionToExtraExercise = createLearningPathTransition(
-        branchingNode,
-        0,
-        '$[?(@[0] == 0)]', // The answer to the first question was the first one, which says that it is difficult for the student to follow along.
-        extraExerciseNode
-    );
-    const directTransitionToFinal = createLearningPathTransition(branchingNode, 1, '$[?(@[0] == 1)]', finalNode);
-    const transitionExtraExerciseToFinal = createLearningPathTransition(extraExerciseNode, 0, 'true', finalNode);
-
-    branchingNode.transitions = [transitionToExtraExercise, directTransitionToFinal];
-    extraExerciseNode.transitions = [transitionExtraExerciseToFinal];
-
-    learningPath.nodes = [branchingNode, extraExerciseNode, finalNode];
-
-    return {
-        branchingObject: branchingLearningObject,
-        finalObject: finalLearningObject,
-        extraExerciseObject: extraExerciseLearningObject,
-        learningPath: learningPath,
-    };
-}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-utils/expectations.ts b/backend/tests/test-utils/expectations.ts
index b6462702..0ee0eff8 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-utils/expectations.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test-utils/expectations.ts
@@ -11,52 +11,45 @@ const IGNORE_PROPERTIES = ['parent'];
  * Checks if the actual entity from the database conforms to the entity that was added previously.
  * @param actual The actual entity retrieved from the database
  * @param expected The (previously added) entity we would expect to retrieve
+ * @param propertyPrefix Prefix to append to property in error messages.
  */
-export function expectToBeCorrectEntity<T extends object>(actual: { entity: T; name?: string }, expected: { entity: T; name?: string }): void {
-    if (!actual.name) {
-        actual.name = 'actual';
-    }
-    if (!expected.name) {
-        expected.name = 'expected';
-    }
-    for (const property in expected.entity) {
+export function expectToBeCorrectEntity<T extends object>(
+    actual: T,
+    expected: T,
+    propertyPrefix: string = ""
+): void {
+    for (const property in expected) {
+        const prefixedProperty = propertyPrefix + property;
         if (
             property in IGNORE_PROPERTIES &&
-            expected.entity[property] !== undefined && // If we don't expect a certain value for a property, we assume it can be filled in by the database however it wants.
-            typeof expected.entity[property] !== 'function' // Functions obviously are not persisted via the database
+            expected[property] !== undefined && // If we don't expect a certain value for a property, we assume it can be filled in by the database however it wants.
+            typeof expected[property] !== 'function' // Functions obviously are not persisted via the database
         ) {
-            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(actual.entity, property)) {
+            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(actual, property)) {
                 throw new AssertionError({
-                    message: `${expected.name} has defined property ${property}, but ${actual.name} is missing it.`,
+                    message: `Expected property ${prefixedProperty}, but it is missing.`,
                 });
             }
-            if (typeof expected.entity[property] === 'boolean') {
+            if (typeof expected[property] === 'boolean') {
                 // Sometimes, booleans get represented by numbers 0 and 1 in the objects actual from the database.
-                if (Boolean(expected.entity[property]) !== Boolean(actual.entity[property])) {
+                if (Boolean(expected[property]) !== Boolean(actual[property])) {
                     throw new AssertionError({
-                        message: `${property} was ${expected.entity[property]} in ${expected.name},
-                        but ${actual.entity[property]} (${Boolean(expected.entity[property])}) in ${actual.name}`,
+                        message: `Expected ${prefixedProperty} to be ${expected[property]},
+                        but was ${actual[property]} (${Boolean(expected[property])}).`,
                     });
                 }
-            } else if (typeof expected.entity[property] !== typeof actual.entity[property]) {
+            } else if (typeof expected[property] !== typeof actual[property]) {
                 throw new AssertionError({
-                    message: `${property} has type ${typeof expected.entity[property]} in ${expected.name}, but type ${typeof actual.entity[property]} in ${actual.name}.`,
+                    message: `${prefixedProperty} was expected to have type ${typeof expected[property]},`
+                                + `but had type ${typeof actual[property]}.`,
                 });
-            } else if (typeof expected.entity[property] === 'object') {
-                expectToBeCorrectEntity(
-                    {
-                        name: actual.name + '.' + property,
-                        entity: actual.entity[property] as object,
-                    },
-                    {
-                        name: expected.name + '.' + property,
-                        entity: expected.entity[property] as object,
-                    }
-                );
+            } else if (typeof expected[property] === 'object') {
+                expectToBeCorrectEntity(actual[property] as object, expected[property] as object, property);
             } else {
-                if (expected.entity[property] !== actual.entity[property]) {
+                if (expected[property] !== actual[property]) {
                     throw new AssertionError({
-                        message: `${property} was ${expected.entity[property]} in ${expected.name}, but ${actual.entity[property]} in ${actual.name}`,
+                        message: `${prefixedProperty} was expected to be ${expected[property]}, `
+                                    + `but was ${actual[property]}.`,
                     });
                 }
             }
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-utils/load-test-asset.ts b/backend/tests/test-utils/load-test-asset.ts
index 35f6cdbf..2a4a7786 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-utils/load-test-asset.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test-utils/load-test-asset.ts
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ import path from 'node:path';
  * @param relPath Path of the asset relative to the test-assets folder.
  */
 export function loadTestAsset(relPath: string): Buffer {
-    return fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, `../test-assets/${relPath}`));
+    return fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, `../test_assets/${relPath}`));
 }
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts
similarity index 76%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts
index 6889c93b..e7645622 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/dummy/dummy-learning-object-example.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { LearningObjectExample } from '../learning-object-example';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
-import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../src/util/envVars';
+import { LearningObject } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
+import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/dist/util/language';
+import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
+import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
+import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../../src/util/envVars';
 
 /**
  * Create a dummy learning object to be used in tests where multiple learning objects are needed (for example for use
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/dummy/rendering.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/dummy/rendering.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/dummy/rendering.txt
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/dummy/rendering.txt
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/Knop.png b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/Knop.png
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/Knop.png
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/Knop.png
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/content.md b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/content.md
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/content.md
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/content.md
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/dwengo.png b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/dwengo.png
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/dwengo.png
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/dwengo.png
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts
similarity index 80%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts
index ab0c8640..3737d551 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/pn-werkingnotebooks-example.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { LearningObjectExample } from '../learning-object-example';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
-import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { Attachment } from '../../../../src/entities/content/attachment.entity';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../src/util/envVars';
-import { EducationalGoal } from '../../../../src/entities/content/educational-goal.entity';
-import { ReturnValue } from '../../../../src/entities/content/return-value.entity';
+import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/dist/util/language';
+import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
+import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
+import { LearningObject } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
+import { Attachment } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/attachment.entity';
+import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../../src/util/envVars';
+import { EducationalGoal } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/educational-goal.entity';
+import { ReturnValue } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/return-value.entity';
 
 const ASSETS_PREFIX = 'learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/';
 
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/rendering.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/rendering.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/pn-werkingnotebooks/rendering.txt
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/rendering.txt
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/content.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/content.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa634cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/content.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+::MC basic::
+Reflect on this learning path. What have you learned today? {}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/rendering.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/rendering.txt
similarity index 68%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/rendering.txt
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/rendering.txt
index adb072a0..94a5ab79 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/rendering.txt
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/rendering.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <div class="learning-object-gift">
     <div id="gift-q1" class="gift-question">
         <h2 id="gift-q1-title" class="gift-title">MC basic</h2>
-        <p id="gift-q1-stem" class="gift-stem">How are you?</p>
+        <p id="gift-q1-stem" class="gift-stem">Reflect on this learning path. What have you learned today?</p>
         <textarea id="gift-q1-answer" class="gift-essay-answer"></textarea>
     </div>
 </div>
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts
similarity index 72%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts
index 5a444fc0..1f95fc2c 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/test-essay-example.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { LearningObjectExample } from '../learning-object-example';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../src/util/envVars';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
+import { LearningObject } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
+import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
+import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../../src/util/envVars';
+import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/dist/util/language';
+import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
 
 const example: LearningObjectExample = {
     createLearningObject: () => {
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/content.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/content.txt
similarity index 62%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/content.txt
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/content.txt
index 7dd5527d..98b7c9c3 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/content.txt
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/content.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ::MC basic::
-Are you following along well with the class?  {
+Are you following along well?  {
 	~No, it's very difficult to follow along.
     =Yes, no problem!
 }
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt
similarity index 95%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt
index c1829f24..9c56f40b 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/rendering.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <div class="learning-object-gift">
     <div id="gift-q1" class="gift-question">
         <h2 id="gift-q1-title" class="gift-title">MC basic</h2>
-        <p id="gift-q1-stem" class="gift-stem">Are you following along well with the class?</p>
+        <p id="gift-q1-stem" class="gift-stem">Are you following along well?</p>
         <div class="gift-choice-div">
             <input value="0" name="gift-q1-choices" id="gift-q1-choice-0" type="radio">
             <label for="gift-q1-choice-0">[object Object]</label>
diff --git a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts
similarity index 73%
rename from backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts
rename to backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts
index 129665ae..277ab486 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test-assets/learning-objects/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/test-multiple-choice-example.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { LearningObjectExample } from '../learning-object-example';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
-import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../src/util/envVars';
-import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
+import { LearningObject } from '../../../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
+import { loadTestAsset } from '../../../../test-utils/load-test-asset';
+import { envVars, getEnvVar } from '../../../../../src/util/envVars';
+import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
+import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/dist/util/language';
 
 const example: LearningObjectExample = {
     createLearningObject: () => {
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-objects.testdata.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-objects.testdata.ts
index 6e28dc16..4b33c85a 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-objects.testdata.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-objects.testdata.ts
@@ -1,135 +1,252 @@
-import { EntityManager } from '@mikro-orm/core';
-import { LearningObject } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { DwengoContentType } from '../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
-import { ReturnValue } from '../../../src/entities/content/return-value.entity';
+import {EntityManager, RequiredEntityData} from '@mikro-orm/core';
+import {LearningObject} from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-object.entity';
+import {Language} from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
+import {DwengoContentType} from '../../../src/services/learning-objects/processing/content-type';
+import {ReturnValue} from '../../../src/entities/content/return-value.entity';
+import {envVars, getEnvVar} from "../../../src/util/envVars";
+import {loadTestAsset} from "../../test-utils/load-test-asset";
 
 export function makeTestLearningObjects(em: EntityManager): LearningObject[] {
     const returnValue: ReturnValue = new ReturnValue();
     returnValue.callbackSchema = '';
     returnValue.callbackUrl = '';
 
-    const learningObject01 = em.create(LearningObject, {
-        hruid: 'id01',
-        language: Language.English,
-        version: 1,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'Undertow',
-        description: 'debute',
-        contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
-        keywords: [],
-        teacherExclusive: false,
-        skosConcepts: [],
-        educationalGoals: [],
-        copyright: '',
-        license: '',
-        estimatedTime: 45,
-        returnValue: returnValue,
-        available: true,
-        contentLocation: '',
-        attachments: [],
-        content: Buffer.from("there's a shadow just behind me, shrouding every step i take, making every promise empty pointing every finger at me"),
-    });
+    const learningObject01 = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObject01);
+    const learningObject02 = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObject02);
+    const learningObject03 = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObject03);
+    const learningObject04 = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObject04);
+    const learningObject05 = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObject05);
 
-    const learningObject02 = em.create(LearningObject, {
-        hruid: 'id02',
-        language: Language.English,
-        version: 1,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'Aenema',
-        description: 'second album',
-        contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
-        keywords: [],
-        teacherExclusive: false,
-        skosConcepts: [],
-        educationalGoals: [],
-        copyright: '',
-        license: '',
-        estimatedTime: 80,
-        returnValue: returnValue,
-        available: true,
-        contentLocation: '',
-        attachments: [],
-        content: Buffer.from(
-            "I've been crawling on my belly clearing out what could've been I've been wallowing in my own confused and insecure delusions"
-        ),
-    });
+    const learningObjectMultipleChoice = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObjectMultipleChoice);
+    const learningObjectEssayQuestion= em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObjectEssayQuestion);
 
-    const learningObject03 = em.create(LearningObject, {
-        hruid: 'id03',
-        language: Language.English,
-        version: 1,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'love over gold',
-        description: 'third album',
-        contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
-        keywords: [],
-        teacherExclusive: false,
-        skosConcepts: [],
-        educationalGoals: [],
-        copyright: '',
-        license: '',
-        estimatedTime: 55,
-        returnValue: returnValue,
-        available: true,
-        contentLocation: '',
-        attachments: [],
-        content: Buffer.from(
-            'he wrote me a prescription, he said you are depressed, \
-                    but I am glad you came to see me to get this off your chest, \
-                    come back and see me later next patient please \
-                    send in another victim of industrial disease'
-        ),
-    });
+    const learningObjectPnNotebooks = em.create(LearningObject, testLearningObjectPnNotebooks);
 
-    const learningObject04 = em.create(LearningObject, {
-        hruid: 'id04',
-        language: Language.English,
-        version: 1,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'making movies',
-        description: 'fifth album',
-        contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
-        keywords: [],
-        teacherExclusive: false,
-        skosConcepts: [],
-        educationalGoals: [],
-        copyright: '',
-        license: '',
-        estimatedTime: 55,
-        returnValue: returnValue,
-        available: true,
-        contentLocation: '',
-        attachments: [],
-        content: Buffer.from(
-            'I put my hand upon the lever \
-                    Said let it rock and let it roll \
-                    I had the one-arm bandit fever \
-                    There was an arrow through my heart and my soul'
-        ),
-    });
-
-    const learningObject05 = em.create(LearningObject, {
-        hruid: 'id05',
-        language: Language.English,
-        version: 1,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'on every street',
-        description: 'sixth album',
-        contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
-        keywords: [],
-        teacherExclusive: false,
-        skosConcepts: [],
-        educationalGoals: [],
-        copyright: '',
-        license: '',
-        estimatedTime: 55,
-        returnValue: returnValue,
-        available: true,
-        contentLocation: '',
-        attachments: [],
-        content: Buffer.from('calling Elvis, is anybody home, calling elvis, I am here all alone'),
-    });
-
-    return [learningObject01, learningObject02, learningObject03, learningObject04, learningObject05];
+    return [
+        learningObject01, learningObject02, learningObject03, learningObject04, learningObject05,
+        learningObjectMultipleChoice, learningObjectEssayQuestion, learningObjectPnNotebooks
+    ];
+}
+
+export function createReturnValue(): ReturnValue {
+    const returnValue: ReturnValue = new ReturnValue();
+    returnValue.callbackSchema = '';
+    returnValue.callbackUrl = '';
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+export const testLearningObject01: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: 'id01',
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    admins: [],
+    title: 'Undertow',
+    description: 'debute',
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    keywords: [],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: '',
+    license: '',
+    estimatedTime: 45,
+    returnValue: createReturnValue(),
+    available: true,
+    contentLocation: '',
+    attachments: [],
+    content: Buffer.from("there's a shadow just behind me, shrouding every step i take, making every promise empty pointing every finger at me"),
+};
+
+export const testLearningObject02: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: 'id02',
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    admins: [],
+    title: 'Aenema',
+    description: 'second album',
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    keywords: [],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: '',
+    license: '',
+    estimatedTime: 80,
+    returnValue: createReturnValue(),
+    available: true,
+    contentLocation: '',
+    attachments: [],
+    content: Buffer.from(
+        "I've been crawling on my belly clearing out what could've been I've been wallowing in my own confused and insecure delusions"
+    ),
+};
+
+export const testLearningObject03: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: 'id03',
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    admins: [],
+    title: 'love over gold',
+    description: 'third album',
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    keywords: [],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: '',
+    license: '',
+    estimatedTime: 55,
+    returnValue: createReturnValue(),
+    available: true,
+    contentLocation: '',
+    attachments: [],
+    content: Buffer.from(
+        'he wrote me a prescription, he said you are depressed, \
+         but I am glad you came to see me to get this off your chest, \
+         come back and see me later next patient please \
+         send in another victim of industrial disease'
+    ),
+};
+
+export const testLearningObject04: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: 'id04',
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    admins: [],
+    title: 'making movies',
+    description: 'fifth album',
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    keywords: [],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: '',
+    license: '',
+    estimatedTime: 55,
+    returnValue: createReturnValue(),
+    available: true,
+    contentLocation: '',
+    attachments: [],
+    content: Buffer.from(
+        'I put my hand upon the lever \
+         Said let it rock and let it roll \
+         I had the one-arm bandit fever \
+         There was an arrow through my heart and my soul'
+    ),
+};
+
+export const testLearningObject05: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: 'id05',
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    admins: [],
+    title: 'on every street',
+    description: 'sixth album',
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    keywords: [],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: '',
+    license: '',
+    estimatedTime: 55,
+    returnValue: createReturnValue(),
+    available: true,
+    contentLocation: '',
+    attachments: [],
+    content: Buffer.from('calling Elvis, is anybody home, calling elvis, I am here all alone'),
+};
+
+export const testLearningObjectMultipleChoice: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}test_multiple_choice`,
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    title: "Self-evaluation",
+    description: "Time to evaluate how well you understand what you've learned so far.",
+    keywords: ["test"],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: "Groep 1 SEL-2 2025",
+    license: "CC0",
+    difficulty: 1,
+    estimatedTime: 1,
+    attachments: [],
+    available: true,
+    targetAges: [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18],
+    admins: [],
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.GIFT,
+    content: loadTestAsset('content/learning-object-resources/test-multiple-choice/content.txt'),
+    returnValue: {
+        callbackUrl: `%SUBMISSION%`,
+        callbackSchema: '["antwoord vraag 1"]',
+    }
+};
+
+export const testLearningObjectEssayQuestion: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}test_essay_question`,
+    language: Language.English,
+    version: 1,
+    title: "Reflection",
+    description: "Reflect on your learning progress.",
+    keywords: ["test"],
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [],
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    copyright: "Groep 1 SEL-2 2025",
+    license: "CC0",
+    difficulty: 1,
+    estimatedTime: 1,
+    attachments: [],
+    available: true,
+    targetAges: [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18],
+    admins: [],
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.GIFT,
+    content: loadTestAsset('content/learning-object-resources/test-essay/content.txt'),
+    returnValue: {
+        callbackUrl: `%SUBMISSION%`,
+        callbackSchema: '["antwoord vraag 1"]',
+    }
+};
+
+export const testLearningObjectPnNotebooks: RequiredEntityData<LearningObject> = {
+    hruid: `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}pn_werkingnotebooks`,
+    version: 3,
+    language: Language.Dutch,
+    title: "Werken met notebooks",
+    description: "Leren werken met notebooks",
+    keywords: ["Python", "KIKS", "Wiskunde", "STEM", "AI"],
+    targetAges: [14, 15, 16, 17, 18],
+    admins: [],
+    copyright: "dwengo",
+    educationalGoals: [],
+    license: "dwengo",
+    contentType: DwengoContentType.TEXT_MARKDOWN,
+    difficulty: 3,
+    estimatedTime: 10,
+    uuid: "2adf9929-b424-4650-bf60-186f730d38ab",
+    teacherExclusive: false,
+    skosConcepts: [
+        "http://ilearn.ilabt.imec.be/vocab/curr1/s-vaktaal",
+        "http://ilearn.ilabt.imec.be/vocab/curr1/s-digitale-media-en-toepassingen",
+        "http://ilearn.ilabt.imec.be/vocab/curr1/s-computers-en-systemen",
+    ],
+    attachments: [
+        {
+            name: "dwengo.png",
+            mimeType: "image/png",
+            content: loadTestAsset("/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/dwengo.png")
+        },
+        {
+            name: "Knop.png",
+            mimeType: "image/png",
+            content: loadTestAsset("/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/Knop.png")
+        }
+    ],
+    available: false,
+    content: loadTestAsset("/content/learning-object-resources/pn-werkingnotebooks/content.md"),
+    returnValue: {
+        callbackUrl: "%SUBMISSION%",
+        callbackSchema: "[]"
+    }
 }
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-paths.testdata.ts b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-paths.testdata.ts
index 72581f42..117f0341 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-paths.testdata.ts
+++ b/backend/tests/test_assets/content/learning-paths.testdata.ts
@@ -1,100 +1,237 @@
-import { EntityManager } from '@mikro-orm/core';
-import { LearningPath } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path.entity';
-import { Language } from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
-import { LearningPathTransition } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path-transition.entity';
-import { LearningPathNode } from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path-node.entity';
+import {EntityManager} from '@mikro-orm/core';
+import {LearningPath} from '../../../src/entities/content/learning-path.entity';
+import {Language} from '@dwengo-1/common/util/language';
+import {mapToLearningPath} from "../../../src/services/learning-paths/learning-path-service";
+import {envVars, getEnvVar} from "../../../src/util/envVars";
+import {LearningPath as LearningPathDTO} from "@dwengo-1/common/interfaces/learning-content";
+import {
+    testLearningObject01, testLearningObject02, testLearningObject03, testLearningObject04, testLearningObject05,
+    testLearningObjectEssayQuestion,
+    testLearningObjectMultipleChoice, testLearningObjectPnNotebooks
+} from "./learning-objects.testdata";
 
-export function makeTestLearningPaths(em: EntityManager): LearningPath[] {
-    const learningPathNode01: LearningPathNode = new LearningPathNode();
-    const learningPathNode02: LearningPathNode = new LearningPathNode();
-    const learningPathNode03: LearningPathNode = new LearningPathNode();
-    const learningPathNode04: LearningPathNode = new LearningPathNode();
-    const learningPathNode05: LearningPathNode = new LearningPathNode();
+export function makeTestLearningPaths(_em: EntityManager): LearningPath[] {
+    const learningPath01 = mapToLearningPath(testLearningPath01, []);
+    const learningPath02 = mapToLearningPath(testLearningPath02, []);
 
-    const transitions01: LearningPathTransition = new LearningPathTransition();
-    const transitions02: LearningPathTransition = new LearningPathTransition();
-    const transitions03: LearningPathTransition = new LearningPathTransition();
-    const transitions04: LearningPathTransition = new LearningPathTransition();
-    const transitions05: LearningPathTransition = new LearningPathTransition();
+    const partiallyDatabasePartiallyDwengoApiLearningPath
+        = mapToLearningPath(testPartiallyDatabaseAndPartiallyDwengoApiLearningPath, [])
+    const learningPathWithConditions = mapToLearningPath(testLearningPathWithConditions, [])
 
-    transitions01.condition = 'true';
-    transitions01.next = learningPathNode02;
-
-    transitions02.condition = 'true';
-    transitions02.next = learningPathNode02;
-
-    transitions03.condition = 'true';
-    transitions03.next = learningPathNode04;
-
-    transitions04.condition = 'true';
-    transitions04.next = learningPathNode05;
-
-    transitions05.condition = 'true';
-    transitions05.next = learningPathNode05;
-
-    learningPathNode01.instruction = '';
-    learningPathNode01.language = Language.English;
-    learningPathNode01.learningObjectHruid = 'id01';
-    learningPathNode01.startNode = true;
-    learningPathNode01.transitions = [transitions01];
-    learningPathNode01.version = 1;
-
-    learningPathNode02.instruction = '';
-    learningPathNode02.language = Language.English;
-    learningPathNode02.learningObjectHruid = 'id02';
-    learningPathNode02.startNode = false;
-    learningPathNode02.transitions = [transitions02];
-    learningPathNode02.version = 1;
-
-    learningPathNode03.instruction = '';
-    learningPathNode03.language = Language.English;
-    learningPathNode03.learningObjectHruid = 'id03';
-    learningPathNode03.startNode = true;
-    learningPathNode03.transitions = [transitions03];
-    learningPathNode03.version = 1;
-
-    learningPathNode04.instruction = '';
-    learningPathNode04.language = Language.English;
-    learningPathNode04.learningObjectHruid = 'id04';
-    learningPathNode04.startNode = false;
-    learningPathNode04.transitions = [transitions04];
-    learningPathNode04.version = 1;
-
-    learningPathNode05.instruction = '';
-    learningPathNode05.language = Language.English;
-    learningPathNode05.learningObjectHruid = 'id05';
-    learningPathNode05.startNode = false;
-    learningPathNode05.transitions = [transitions05];
-    learningPathNode05.version = 1;
-
-    const nodes01: LearningPathNode[] = [
-        // LearningPathNode01,
-        // LearningPathNode02,
+    return [
+        learningPath01,
+        learningPath02,
+        partiallyDatabasePartiallyDwengoApiLearningPath,
+        learningPathWithConditions
     ];
-    const learningPath01 = em.create(LearningPath, {
-        hruid: 'id01',
-        language: Language.English,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'repertoire Tool',
-        description: 'all about Tool',
-        image: null,
-        nodes: nodes01,
-    });
-
-    const nodes02: LearningPathNode[] = [
-        // LearningPathNode03,
-        // LearningPathNode04,
-        // LearningPathNode05,
-    ];
-    const learningPath02 = em.create(LearningPath, {
-        hruid: 'id02',
-        language: Language.English,
-        admins: [],
-        title: 'repertoire Dire Straits',
-        description: 'all about Dire Straits',
-        image: null,
-        nodes: nodes02,
-    });
-
-    return [learningPath01, learningPath02];
+}
+
+const nowString = new Date().toString();
+
+export const testLearningPath01: LearningPathDTO = {
+    keywords: "test",
+    target_ages: [16, 17, 18],
+    hruid: "id01",
+    language: Language.English,
+    title: "repertoire Tool",
+    description: "all about Tool",
+    nodes: [
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject01.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject01.language,
+            version: testLearningObject01.version,
+            start_node: true,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: testLearningObject02.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObject02.language,
+                        version: testLearningObject02.version
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject02.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject02.language,
+            version: testLearningObject02.version,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: []
+        }
+    ]
+};
+
+export const testLearningPath02: LearningPathDTO = {
+    keywords: "test",
+    target_ages: [16, 17, 18],
+    hruid: "id02",
+    language: Language.English,
+    title: "repertoire Dire Straits",
+    description: "all about Dire Straits",
+    nodes: [
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject03.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject03.language,
+            version: testLearningObject03.version,
+            start_node: true,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: testLearningObject04.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObject04.language,
+                        version: testLearningObject04.version
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject04.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject04.language,
+            version: testLearningObject04.version,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: testLearningObject05.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObject05.language,
+                        version: testLearningObject05.version
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject05.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject05.language,
+            version: testLearningObject05.version,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: []
+        }
+    ]
+};
+
+export const testPartiallyDatabaseAndPartiallyDwengoApiLearningPath: LearningPathDTO = {
+    hruid: `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}pn_werking`,
+    title: "Werken met notebooks",
+    language: Language.Dutch,
+    description: 'Een korte inleiding tot Python notebooks. Hoe ga je gemakkelijk en efficiënt met de notebooks aan de slag?',
+    keywords: "Python KIKS Wiskunde STEM AI",
+    target_ages: [14, 15, 16, 17, 18],
+    nodes: [
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObjectPnNotebooks.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObjectPnNotebooks.language,
+            version: testLearningObjectPnNotebooks.version,
+            start_node: true,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    default: true,
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: "pn_werkingnotebooks2",
+                        language: Language.Dutch,
+                        version: 3
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: "pn_werkingnotebooks2",
+            language: Language.Dutch,
+            version: 3,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    default: true,
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: "pn_werkingnotebooks3",
+                        language: Language.Dutch,
+                        version: 3
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: "pn_werkingnotebooks3",
+            language: Language.Dutch,
+            version: 3,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: []
+        }
+    ]
+}
+
+export const testLearningPathWithConditions: LearningPathDTO = {
+    hruid: `${getEnvVar(envVars.UserContentPrefix)}test_conditions`,
+    language: Language.English,
+    title: 'Example learning path with conditional transitions',
+    description: 'This learning path was made for the purpose of testing conditional transitions',
+    keywords: "test",
+    target_ages: [18, 19, 20, 21],
+    nodes: [
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObjectMultipleChoice.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObjectMultipleChoice.language,
+            version: testLearningObjectMultipleChoice.version,
+            start_node: true,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    // If the answer to the first question was the first one (It's difficult to follow along):
+                    condition: '$[?(@[0] == 0)]',
+                    next: {
+                        //... we let the student do an extra exercise.
+                        hruid: testLearningObject01.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObject01.language,
+                        version: testLearningObject01.version
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    // If the answer to the first question was the second one (I can follow along):
+                    condition: '$[?(@[0] == 1)]',
+                    next: {
+                        //... we let the student right through to the final question.
+                        hruid: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.language,
+                        version: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.version
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObject01.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObject01.language,
+            version: testLearningObject01.version,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: [
+                {
+                    default: true,
+                    next: {
+                        hruid: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.hruid,
+                        language: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.language,
+                        version: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.version
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            learningobject_hruid: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.hruid,
+            language: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.language,
+            version: testLearningObjectEssayQuestion.version,
+            created_at: nowString,
+            updatedAt: nowString,
+            transitions: []
+        }
+    ]
 }
diff --git a/common/src/interfaces/learning-content.ts b/common/src/interfaces/learning-content.ts
index 435e7001..f580b00c 100644
--- a/common/src/interfaces/learning-content.ts
+++ b/common/src/interfaces/learning-content.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export interface Transition {
         version: number;
         language: string;
     };
+    condition?: string;
 }
 
 export interface LearningObjectIdentifierDTO {
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ export interface LearningObjectIdentifierDTO {
 }
 
 export interface LearningObjectNode {
-    _id: string;
+    _id?: string;
     learningobject_hruid: string;
     version: number;
     language: Language;
@@ -30,20 +31,20 @@ export interface LearningObjectNode {
 }
 
 export interface LearningPath {
-    _id: string;
+    _id?: string;
     language: string;
     hruid: string;
     title: string;
     description: string;
     image?: string; // Image might be missing, so it's optional
-    num_nodes: number;
-    num_nodes_left: number;
+    num_nodes?: number;
+    num_nodes_left?: number;
     nodes: LearningObjectNode[];
     keywords: string;
     target_ages: number[];
-    min_age: number;
-    max_age: number;
-    __order: number;
+    min_age?: number;
+    max_age?: number;
+    __order?: number;
 }
 
 export interface LearningPathIdentifier {
@@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ export interface ReturnValue {
 }
 
 export interface LearningObjectMetadata {
-    _id: string;
-    uuid: string;
+    _id?: string;
+    uuid?: string;
     hruid: string;
     version: number;
     language: Language;
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ export interface LearningObjectMetadata {
 
 export interface FilteredLearningObject {
     key: string;
-    _id: string;
+    _id?: string;
     uuid: string;
     version: number;
     title: string;